Here’s a December 2022 DAE response to a parliamentary question concerning “the problems faced by the country’s nuclear power programme in terms of
achieving the desired efficiency:”

The problem faced by the country’s nuclear power programme in earlier period
was due to the technology denial and international embargo regime that
persisted from 1974 to 2008 and the constraints of availability of financial
resources. The programme then had to depend solely on budgetary support
and also the challenges posed by set of people primarily opposing nuclear
power. However the earlier constraints have now been overcome and the
nuclear power programme is poised for rapid expansion.

A 1995 North Korean statement issued when the ICJ was considering its advisory opinion on the legality if nuclear weapons use:

Here’s a 1995 statement from India when the ICJ was considering its advisory opinion on the legality if nuclear weapons use.

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has given us the closest thing in a while to a real-world experiment in nuclear deterrence’s effectiveness. Yet no one can prove any of their competing deterrence claims, nor is there any real way to resolve them.

Int’l Nonproliferation Ideas From Ye Olde NIE:

From this NIE:

This 1982 NIE has a short section about the USSR and Libya’s nuclear program:

This 2005 article has a slew of data about the PAEC. I think this paragraph is a decent summary:

…the PAEC has established most advanced engineering and manufacturing facilities in Pakistan. Its engineering set-ups, coupled with its technological developments, have achieved, progressively, a higher indigenization level and import substitution, and saved the much-needed foreign exchange. The higher level of indigenization has helped in bringing down the local production costs significantly as compared to prevalent international prices.

This 1982 NIE has a bit on nuclear testing: