I noticed that CEIP’s Pierre Goldschmidt presented an interesting “short paper”:http://carnegieendowment.org/files/Looking_Beyond_Iran_and_North_Korea.pdf on the IAEA safeguards system. I just wanted to add one thought.

The paper correctly argues that, in the case of NNWS, commitments contained in CSAs and APs are “much more limited” than the powers given to the IAEA by its statute. However, I think it’s worth noting that, from what I understand, these limitations exist partly because the IAEA statute isn’t self-executing. Therefore, the IAEA’s legal authority to implement safeguards is grounded in the CSAs and APs.

That is all.